According to statistics from the fire department, more than 30% of household fires are caused by electricity. Among them, the common ones are short circuit of overloaded wires, poor contact, aging of lines, unqualified household appliances or improper use. So, how do ordinary households use electricity safely? What to do after an electrical fire? Fire equipment manufacturers think it is important to pay attention to the following points:
Scientific layout of switchboards
A fuse is installed on the switchboard, and a fuse is installed in the fuse. When the current through the fuse exceeds the allowable safety value, the fuse will blow. Therefore, the switchboard cannot be arranged above the flammable items stacked to prevent the hot molten beads from igniting the items after falling. The fuse current is usually 1.5 to 2.0 times of the rated current. If the total power of the electrical appliances does not exceed 1100 watts when the household is using electricity normally, a 5 amp fuse can be used. It will automatically fuse for protection purpose. If the selected fuse meets the specifications but often blows, you should find the cause in time to clear the hidden dangers. Do not replace the thick fuse at will or simply replace it with copper wire or iron wire. In addition, a conditional family can also install a leakage protector, which can act in time and cut off the current when an accident such as an electric shock occurs in the family.
Early wire replacement
At present, many households use power lines that were laid when building a house more than ten years ago or earlier. After more than ten years of use, the wire insulation layer will gradually loosen and age, which will cause slight leakage, and in severe cases will cause a short circuit and fire. In addition, the wire used in the design of the old house has a small load bearing and is not compatible with the requirements of modern household electrification. Under overload conditions, the insulation of the wire will age faster. If the heat emitted by the core causes the temperature of the insulation to exceed 250 ° C The wires will catch fire, so the wires must be replaced early. The selection of the electric wire should be determined in consideration of the electric current. To properly select the wire type according to the environment, general insulated wires can be used in dry rooms, and protective insulated wires, such as aluminum wire, plastic sheathed wires, etc. must be used in wet rooms. Electrical equipment should use flexible cords and so on.
Arrange the wires properly
A resident lived in a newly renovated house and a fire broke out shortly. It was later identified that the wires were laid directly in the wall skirt during the renovation, without any protective measures, resulting in damage to the insulation layer and short circuits that ignited the wall skirt. When the wire is exposed, it is necessary to prevent the insulation layer from being damaged. When passing the surface of the flammable decoration, wear a light flame-retardant sleeve. In a room with a ceiling, the wires in the ceiling should be wired with metal pipes. For the wires that need to pass through the wall, in order to prevent the insulation layer from being damaged, a hard plastic pipe should be built in the wall, and the outlets at both ends should protrude from the wall by about 1 cm. High-power electrical appliances such as air conditioners, electric heaters, induction cookers, etc. are best to use dedicated lines, and their safe current carrying capacity must meet the maximum capacity requirements of electrical appliances. Do not use rubber insulated wires as power leads. Instead, use rubber insulated sheaths. line. Extension cords should not be pressed under furniture or heavy objects to avoid damage and danger.
Proper use of household appliances
Household appliances must choose qualified products produced by regular manufacturers, and must not buy San Wu products for the sake of cheapness. When using new appliances, you should read the instructions of the appliance in detail and follow the procedures strictly. Use extra care when using appliances such as electric showers, electric blankets, etc., and install a leakage protector. During the use of electric heating appliances, someone must be in charge of them, and they should not leave casually in the middle. When a person leaves or loses power, he must cut off the power supply. Electric heating appliances should be placed on the base of non-combustible materials such as mud bricks and asbestos boards, and must not be placed directly on the table or countertop to avoid fire or fire. Keep unheated electric heating appliances in use or away from flammable and combustible materials. When moving electrical equipment, you must cut off the power supply. When you find that the electrical equipment emits smoke or smells an unusual smell (burnt smell), you must quickly cut off the power supply for inspection. Incandescent lamps have a high surface temperature and should not be placed near flammable items. They should not be used for drying clothes except for lighting. Use high-power appliances such as microwave ovens, electric heaters, air conditioners, and irons to stagger the time to prevent overloading the wires. In addition, in some areas of China, the voltage fluctuates greatly. The voltage value can be as high as 250 volts when the power consumption is low. Some appliances with insufficient withstand voltage values will burn out due to capacitor breakdown. To this end, an additional line should be installed in the circuit. Voltage stabilizer.
Master the common sense of electrical fire fighting
After the electrical equipment catches fire, do not pour it directly with water. Because water has electrical conductivity, it can easily cause electric shock after entering charged equipment, which can reduce the insulation performance of the equipment and even cause the equipment to explode, endangering personal safety. If only some electrical appliances are short-circuited and caught fire, you can immediately turn off the power switch of the electrical appliances to cut off the power. If the entire circuit burns, you must pull off the main switch to cut off the main power. If it is too far away from the main switch to pull off, you should take decisive measures to cut off the wires away from the burning place with the correct method. Be careful not to pull or cut directly with your hands or metal tools. Instead, stand on a wooden bench and cut off the wires with tools such as wire pliers and diagonal pliers with insulated handles. After shutting off the power, you can use conventional methods to extinguish the fire, or use water to extinguish when there is no extinguishing agent. If you can't power off quickly, use carbon dioxide, carbon tetrachloride, or dry powder fire extinguishers. Caution: Never use an acid-base or foam fire extinguisher. Because the fire extinguishing liquid is conductive, people holding the fire extinguisher may get an electric shock. This medicinal solution also strongly corrodes electrical equipment and is not easy to remove afterwards.
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